Past and Present of the Judicial Robe. Judicial dress in the medieval Europe. Development of the Judicial Robe in Europe and outside Europe. Symbolism of Judicial Robe (colour, cutting, decorative elements).

Sitting order in the courtroom. The dock, separation of the defendants. Judicial pulpit. Power (flag, coat of arms etc.) and religious (crucifix etc.) symbols in the courtrooms in Europe and outside Europe.

Animals as symbols of the justice (lion, coq, ostrich, serpent etc.).

Statues on Judicial Liability in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age. Elaboration of detailed rules of judicial liability in the 19th century Hungary. Act No. 8 of 1871. Moral, supervisory, disciplinary and criminal liability of judges. Main modifications in the rules on judicial liability in the 19-20th centuries. Act No. 3 of 1936. Regulation of judicial liability by the Act No. 2 of 1954.

Legal rules regarding judicial independence in medieval and modern Hungary. The declaration of judicial independence by the Act No. 4 of 1869. Judge's independence from himself, material independence etc. Interaction and correlations between material independence and judge's salaries. Legislative provisions to improve judicial salaries. Implementation of judicial pay settlement in practice. Relationship between judicial independence and retirement. Problems of forced retirement and reassigment of judges.